Aktivitas Ekonomi Ilegal Di Kawasa Perbatasan Indonesia - Republik Timor Leste (Studi Kasus Kabupaten Malaka)

GOMES, Fransiska Fridolin (2025) Aktivitas Ekonomi Ilegal Di Kawasa Perbatasan Indonesia - Republik Timor Leste (Studi Kasus Kabupaten Malaka). Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandira Kupang.

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Abstract

This study, titled Illegal Economic Activities in the Border Area Between Indonesia and the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (Case Study: Malaka Regency), aims to identify and analyze the forms of illegal economic activities taking place in the border region, as well as the driving factors that contribute to these activities. The main variable in this research is the phenomenon of illegal economic activity along the Indonesia–Timor-Leste border, which includes both internal and external factors.The study adopts a qualitative descriptive method to gain a deeper understanding of the illegal economic practices occurring in Malaka Regency, located on Timor Island. The findings reveal that various forms of illegal trade and smuggling are prevalent at the PLBN (Border Crossing Post) in Motamasin, Malaka Regency. These include unregulated trade activities such as buying and selling in traditional markets without government oversight, the use of foreign currency in cross-border transactions without authorization, and small-scale trading of essential goods like rice and cooking oil. The study also identified the illegal distribution of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals without official permits, the smuggling of antiques from abroad without clearance or tax payment, and the illicit trade of electronic goods such as mobile phones and laptops. Moreover, wildlife trafficking—particularly involving birds, reptiles, and mammals—was found to be a common occurrence in this border region. The factors that drive these illegal economic activities are divided into internal and external categories. Internal factors include community-related issues, lack of infrastructure, socio-cultural norms, weak law enforcement and monitoring, economic challenges, and geographical conditions. Meanwhile, external factors involve market demand, uncompetitive domestic pricing, and the existence of transnational criminal networks operating in the area. To effectively address these issues, the study recommends strengthening monitoring and supervision at unofficial border routes, enhancing collaboration between relevant institutions and neighboring countries, empowering local border communities through legal economic opportunities, and increasing public education and awareness about the negative impacts of illegal economic activities.

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